To plot the probability density function for a t distribution in R, we can use the following functions: dt(x, df) to create the probability density function…

One of the key assumptions in linear regression is that there is no correlation between the residuals, e.g. the residuals are independent. One way to…

Hierarchical regression is a technique we can use to compare several different linear models. The basic idea is that we first fit a linear regression model…

A repeated measures ANOVA is used to determine whether or not there is a statistically significant difference between the means of three or more groups in which…

Levene’s Test is used to determine whether two or more groups have equal variances. This is a widely used test in statistics because many statistical tests…

A Kruskal-Wallis Test is used to determine whether or not there is a statistically significant difference between the medians of three or more independent groups.…

The Friedman Test is a non-parametric alternative to the Repeated Measures ANOVA. It is used to determine whether or not there is a statistically significant difference between the means of…

A doughnut chart is a circular chart that uses “slices” to display the relative sizes of data. It’s similar to a pie chart except it has a…

We often use the odds ratio and relative risk when performing an analysis on a 2-by-2 table, which takes on the following format: The odds ratio tells us the ratio of…

A box plot is a type of plot that we can use to visualize the five number summary of a dataset, which includes: The minimum The first…